Chile has become the first country in the world where an equal number of men and women will draft the new Constitution due a parity law that was passed in March 2020. In addition, this historic opportunity will take place during one of the worst health pandemics in recorded history, COVID-19, which has revealed deep gender inequalities. The new Chilean Constitution, drafted with gender parity, will have a unique opportunity to grant a right to a universal basic income (UBI), which has been targeted to address some of the worst consequences of the pandemic: the increase in poverty, unemployment, and vulnerability of women. This article reviews the theories developed to justify a UBI and the feminist critics who argue that not all UBI is equally advantageous to women. The misconception that a ‘morally neutral’ model is sufficient and women-friendly disregards the way in which it encourages stereotypes that feminists have fought for centuries. We argue for the development of public policies with a gender focus, especially the right to a ‘gendered UBI’. This means a UBI that meets two basic requirements: first, that every citizen or resident be guaranteed the same amount of income from birth; second, that caregivers be provided with management rights to turn the UBI into a compensatory income that can also promote changes in gender roles, encouraging men to become caregivers.

A Savior Sibling is a child who is born to provide an organ, bone marrow or cell transplant, to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease. There are created with the in vitro fertilization and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and, in the process, the ethical standards for organ donation of children become less demanding. Therefore, we propose that the authorization of the technique considers, unavoidably, the opinion of an impartial third party that can guarantee the welfare of the child. We develop a critical analysis of the laws that regulate the creation of babies to serve as organ donors. We evaluate under what circumstances the organizations that play a part in the decisions, fulfill the ethical standards to allow the organ donation of children.

This article proposes to see the history of the international law on foreign investment as about the promotion of investor rights as much as the resistance to investor obligations. The argument is that the divide between investment protection and the responsibility of foreign investors is one of the most significant features of international investment law. The article shows that the different treatment of rights and obligations is grounded in the same business project and legal imagination. Maintaining this divide has never been easy, as this model faced resistance, particularly from Latin America, trade unions and human rights activists. The analysis concludes by noting that academics can contribute to reimagining the international law on foreign investment by bringing investment treaty law and business and human rights closer. This shift is already happening.

Resumen Varios sistemas procesales penales de Iberoamérica se estructuran para que un número importante de casos penales no concluya en un juicio jurisdiccional, sino que en un conjunto de salidas tempranas o alternativas en las que hay poca o nula participación del imputado y de la víctima, o no reúnen las características y estándares de un proceso contradictorio. En estos casos, aunque no se dé cumplimiento al derecho a un proceso previo, el estado debe garantizar que esas salidas tempranas o alternativas reúnan los estándares del debido proceso, poniendo atención en los casos que la igualdad de armas, el derecho a ser oído, el derecho a presentar pruebas y el derecho a no declarar contra sí mismo podrían verse afectados. En caso contrario, el estado deja de cumplir su deber de garantizar, a favor de todos, el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva.

El resurgimiento de la víctima, como sujeto de interés para las ciencias criminológicas y el derecho penal, ha provocado la necesidad de cuestionarse si los tradicionales modelos de justicia penal son adecuados para satisfacer sus intereses, considerando que se trata de un protagonista del conflicto penal. Recogiendo diversas experiencias restaurativas y con apoyo de la victimología más moderna, los sistemas de justicia penal dejan de enfocarse solo en el castigo al infractor penal y se abren a la adopción de programas de justicia restaurativa, que reconocen en la víctima un sujeto titular del derecho a la reparación del daño.

Escribir una sentencia judicial es un problema de desempeño. El propósito de este texto es justificar una nueva aproximación a ese problema. Proponemos una heurística mínima para hacer visible el proceso necesario y así dotar a estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado de competencias en la redacción de este tipo de textos.

Este artículo examina críticamente el principio de salida simple que plantea Kukathas como el mejor sistema para conciliar las exigencias de pertenencia a una cultura indígena y el derecho a disentir de sus miembros mujeres. Para ello, en primer lugar, se revisa la tensión entre el feminismo de la igualdad y la situación de las mujeres indígenas con sus culturas internas. En segundo lugar, se analiza la tesis de Kukathas para concluir que por sí sola no es suficiente. Y, finalmente, se presenta una solución alternativa que superpone el “derecho de salida”, un modelo de jurisdicciones multiculturales y una adecuada concepción de la democracia deliberativa.

Constituye un desafío en un Estado de derecho dar acceso y conocimiento a los contenidos de los textos legales bajo modernos estándares de gestión de información que permitan un eficiente y eficaz almacenamiento, procesamiento, búsqueda, recuperación y comunicación de las normas. En el artículo se revisan los estándares reconocidos internacionalmente para los servicios digitales de información legislativa. La autora propone que la web semántica legislativa, basada en las tecnologías de documento estructurado (XML), metadatos (RDF) y ontologías (OWL) aparece como modelo óptimo de plataforma para la representación, organización y distribución de contenidos jurídicos, y constituye una respuesta eficaz a los requerimientos originados por el fenómeno de la contaminación legislativa y a la demanda de mejor acceso a la legislación.

We have recently witnessed two political milestones in Chile: the social uprising of 18 October 2019 and, currently, the drafting of a new political constitution. In this context and based on data from interdisciplinary research on political and post-dictatorial culture, this article aims to present the conceptions of justice held by stakeholders in transitional justice efforts in Chile. The results reveal that the conception of justice has gone from being centred on retributive and, residually, restorative justice to focusing on social or distributive justice. We conclude that a new constitution that includes this expanded notion of justice – which has been observed in the last decade and crystallized in the demands manifested in the social uprising – would represent the completion of a lengthy political transition.

In April 1959, editor-in-chief of Time magazine, Henry Luce, spoke vehemently to the World Congress of the International Chamber of Commerce, encouraging business leaders “to unite [their] energies on something which is really fundamental—fundamental to civilization and economic progress. That something is the advancement of the rule of law.” Together with lawyers, business leaders had “the responsibility to see that the rule of law prevails in every corner of the business world.” Luce insisted that international trade needs “legal certainty” and business leaders would do better by focusing less on “certain rules and regulations” and more on “basic and universal rules under which all business could prosper.” One of the proposals he asked the audience to endorse was German banker and politician Hermann Abs's Magna Carta (a formative proposal to enact what is known today as investor-state dispute settlement, or ISDS).

Resumen: En este trabajo sostenemos que la teoría jurídica ha sido servil al género masculino del derecho. Luego, esbozamos cómo esa teoría puede ser reformulada, tomando en consideración nuevas categorías conceptuales como las de sujeto incardinado y concreto. A continuación, exploramos el modo en que esa nueva forma de concebir la teoría jurídica se conecta con las ideas de autonomía relacional, igualdad y respeto. Por último, ilustramos algunos de los problemas revisados por medio de un caso ejemplar apuntando, además, las conclusiones del artículo.

This article aims to enrich the emerging, multi-coloured tapestry of ‘international law in context’ through a study of how international economic law operates in complex investment-related disputes. Focusing on the Eco Oro v. Colombia investor-state arbitration, and drawing on both doctrinal analysis and sociolegal research, the study investigates how different actors make sense of the issues, of the dispute, and of the law. Besides shedding light on the neglected multi-actor, multi-layered dimensions of investment disputes, and on tensions between often incommensurable values, juxtaposing arbitral proceedings and underlying social realities highlights how investor-state arbitration involves a socio-political process of re-presenting actors, territory, the environment, and livelihoods through the prism of international arrangements that are primarily designed to protect foreign investment. The findings provide policy pointers on the need for systemic reform of international investment law, moving away from the predominant emphasis on investment protection and investor-state dispute settlement, towards a governance model that effectively considers the social, political, and environmental dimensions of foreign investment projects.