Despite the importance of the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing and growing economies, little is known regarding the use of management control tools in them. In management control in SMEs, a holistic system needs to be modeled to enable a careful study of how each lever (belief systems, boundary systems, interactive control systems, and diagnostic control systems) affects the organizational performance of SMEs. In this article, a fuzzy logic approach is proposed for the decision-making system in management control in small and medium enterprises. C. Mamdani fuzzy inference system (MFIS) was applied as a decision-making technique to explore the influence of the use of management control tools on the organizational performance of SMEs. Perceptions data analysis is obtained through empirical research.

The purpose of this study was to identify and measure the impact of the different effects of entropy states over the high-frequency trade of the cryptocurrency market, especially in Bitcoin, using and selecting optimal parameters of the Bayesian approach, specifically through approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). ABC corresponds to a class of computational methods rooted in Bayesian statistics that could be used to estimate the posterior distributions of model parameters. For this research, ABC was applied to estimate the daily prices of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency from May 2013 to December 2021. The findings suggest that the behaviour of the parameters for our tested trading algorithms, in which sudden jumps are observed, can be interpreted as changes in states of the generated time series. Additionally, it is possible to identify and model the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the series analysed in the research. Finally, the main contribution of this research is that we have characterised the relationship between entropy and the evolution of parameters defining the optimal selection of trading algorithms in the financial industry.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and measure the impact of the variables affecting the increase in the number of patents as a way to advance the development of policies in countries in terms of sustainable development based on innovation. An econometric estimation of a mixed model was used to measure the impact of patent development on the countries analyzed in this research. The findings suggest that economies that have some relevance in research and development have increasing numbers of patents. Thus, the empirical findings relate to the theoretical models that state that comparative advantages may be dynamic due to technological innovation. Finally, this paper shows that innovation is a central parameter to engage in research and develop a knowledge-based economy.

In this research, statistical models are formulated to study the effect of the health crisis arising from COVID-19 in global markets. Breakpoints in the price series of stock indexes are considered. Such indexes are used as an approximation of the stock markets in different countries, taking into account that they are indicative of these markets because of their composition. The main results obtained in this investigation highlight that countries with better institutional and economic conditions are less affected by the pandemic. In addition, the effect of the health index in the models is associated with their non-significant parameters. This is due to that the health index used in the modeling would not determine the different capacities of the countries analyzed to respond efficiently to the pandemic effect. Therefore, the contagion is the preponderant factor when analyzing the structural breakdown that occurred in the world economy.

Este artículo analiza el documental de viaje sobre Chile del realizador norteamericano James FitzPatrick, titulado Chile, tierra de encanto (1937). A partir de él se comprenden los alcances de la imagen turística sobre Chile en la década de 1930. Las investigaciones sobre los distintos registros narrativos en torno a la experiencia del viaje y del turismo han tenido un importante desarrollo en las últimas décadas en el marco de los estudios culturales y de las representaciones. Los tradicionales diarios de viaje, pasando por las fotografías y postales como herramientas de registro y de promoción, hasta el cine como medio para acercar los destinos turísticos a públicos de distintas regiones del mundo, se han transformado en un excelente material para comprender cómo determinados destinos son presentados y el tipo de imagen que se construye sobre ellos.

The aim of this research is to relate clean energies, CO2 emissions, and economic variables. Relationships can be generated that characterize countries that manage to relate the use of clean energy with GDP, economic openness, and economic growth. We employ a quantitative methodology that utilizes clustering techniques to identify distinct groups of countries based on their susceptibility to climate change impacts. Subsequently, we employ a generalized linear model approach to estimate the investment behaviors of these country groups in alternative energy sources in relation to CO2 emissions and macroeconomic variables. The clusters reveal that the countries grouped in each cluster exhibit significantly distinct behaviors among the clusters. This differentiation is grounded in the countries under analysis, showing the evolution of the countries in terms of the use of clean energy and the emission of CO2 in relation to macroeconomic variables. According to the conducted research, there are different groups with differentiated behavior in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, which implies the implementation of policies consistent with the development characteristics of the countries and how they cope with climate risk. Moreover, as a result of this research, a recommendation for policy makers could be that sustainable and clean development countries are based in three different sustainability dimensions: environmental, economic, and social.

The Dow Jones Sustainability Index Chile (DJSI Chile) is made up of leading sustainability companies that are investing great effort into sustainable management. This study correlates the DJSI Chile with the financial indices (return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), market value, earnings, and leverage) of companies that belong to the General Stock Price Index (IGPA) in Chile. The methodology used was quantitative, considering Chilean companies in the IGPA, including companies belonging to the DJSI Chile, applying a normality and correlation test based on the results. In conclusion, the study shows that in the results for the ROE, ROA, and leverage variables, there is no positive correlation with the DJSI Chile. However, the DJSI Chile is correlated with market value (for approximately 80% of the companies), and with earnings, there is a slightly higher correlation for the companies that belong to the DJSI Chile than for the remaining companies in the IGPA, thus if there exists a correlation between the DJSI Chile index and the variables market value and earnings, the index enables the prediction of those financial variables or predicts the finance indices (value market and earnings) of the companies that make up the DJSI Chile basing in the DJSI Chile index.

Sharpe’s ratio is the most widely used index for establishing an order of priority for the portfolios to which the investor has access, and the purpose of this investigation is to verify that Sharpe’s ratio allows decisions to be made in investment portfolios considering different financial market conditions. The research is carried out by autoregressive model (AR) of the financial series of returns using Sharpe’s ratio for evaluations looking over the priority of financial assets which the investor can access while observing the effects that can cause autocorrelated series in evaluation measures for financial assets. The results presented in this study confirm the hypothesis proposed in which Sharpe’s ratio allows decisions to be made in the selection of investment portfolios under normal conditions thanks to the definition of a robustness function, whose empirical estimation shows an average 73% explanation of the variance in the degradation of the Spearman coefficient for each of the performance measures; however, given the presence of autocorrelation in the financial series of returns, this similarity is broken.

The purpose of this research is to develop a theoretical model of the entrepreneurial decision of individuals and to measure the effect of a group of variables on this decision. The effects of variables such as income, age, gender, level of education, and entrepreneurial skills are studied. The results show that innovation and entrepreneurship are linked to the personal characteristics of individuals and the social context in which they develop, thus making it possible to guide social policies for the development of the economy. Logit and probit functions were used to measure the effect of the variables on the entrepreneurship phenomenon. The main findings of this research indicate that the variables with a significant impact on the success of entrepreneurship and innovation are income, age, gender, skill, and the interaction between the opportunity and education variables.

Este artículo analiza los orígenes y desarrollo del Departamento de Turismo, creado durante la administración de Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927-1931). Dependiente del Ministerio de Fomento y originado en el marco de la Ley de Fomento al Turismo de 1929, sus competencias se orientaron a la promoción e inspección de las actividades turísticas. Se argumenta que la creación de dicho departamento se enmarca en una visión estratégica del Estado de Chile en cuanto a comprender el turismo como una actividad económica fundamental, vehículo de la modernización del país y fuente de ingresos para el fisco.

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has brought us a serious economic, health and social problem worldwide crisis. In this context, there has been an increase in inequality between men and women throughout the world. In this situation of home confinement, uncertainty, stress and fear, women have been the most affected, regardless of their education level. The purpose of this study is to know the impact on the perception of academic women who suffered from a lack of gender equality (sustainable development) during the pandemic (SDG 5) and, therefore, the increase in the gender inequality gap (SDG 10) in Latin America (LA)

El presente artículo analiza el desarrollo de los huertos obreros en Chile entre 1930 y 1945 en el contexto de los debates sobre los problemas de abastecimiento, el alza en el costo de la vida y los problemas asociados al crecimiento urbano. Los huertos obreros aparecen como una respuesta multifactorial para enfrentar los problemas de subsistencia que presentaban las familias de trabajadores, pero además como modalidades de producción que ayudaban a movilizar una serie de valores sociales asociados a un modelo de familia obrera que las autoridades y empresarios querían promover. En este sentido, el artículo analiza los debates que se dieron en torno a la promoción de los huertos obreros, las propuestas legislativas, así como las acciones promovidas por tres empresas modelos en su rubro: la Compañía Manufacturera de Cartones, la Compañía Carbonífera e Industrial de Lota y la Empresa Cemento El Melón.

El presente artículo analiza los programas y acciones que desarrollaron las empresas asociadas a la gran industria chilena para mejorar la condición nutricional de la población trabajadora, con el objetivo de enfrentar las enfermedades profesionales y mejorar los rendimientos productivos de los trabajadores. Es de especial interés conocer el papel que tuvo la familia y la mujer en su calidad de madre y esposa para transmitir los valores asociados a la correcta alimentación. Las fuentes disponibles para el estudio son los escritos de médicos que abordaron la temática de la alimentación, en especial en el ámbito laboral, las encuestas de nutrición desarrolladas entre fines de la década de 1920 y comienzos de los años de 1940, y las publicaciones de los Departamentos de Bienestar Social de las distintas empresas estudiadas.

This article aims to compare the foundations of the post-pandemic economy and its impact on health equity, according to Labonté (2022) with the economics theory. The methodology developed is based on bibliometrics analysis, the documents, and specifications for a cluster of concepts, allowing deepened exposure of Labonte (2022), complementing with the latest publications on the post-pandemic economy. Finally, the results agreed with Labonté1 about to economic development for achieving an economy that allows health equity considering sustainable development and the possibility of achieving the livelihood of Green New Deal as a basis.

The study analyzed how the service-learning (SL) methodology can become a university social responsibility (USR) strategy that generates shared value for the university and its stakeholders.

El objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar el turismo social durante la Unidad Popular en Chile (1970-1973) y en específico su programa de balnearios populares. Se señala que los balnearios populares se inscriben en un desarrollo histórico del derecho al descanso y el turismo, pero que durante la Unidad Popular fueron parte de la disputa por los espacios que habían sido tradicionalmente privilegio de la elite y la clase media favorecida. Como resultados, se señala que los balnearios populares se extendieron a lo largo del país impactando la vida de miles de veraneantes y jugando un papel importante en la construcción de la sociedad socialista.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el programa de colonias obreras de vacaciones promovido durante el último periodo del gobierno de Arturo Alessandri (1932-1938) y el gobierno de Pedro Aguirre Cerda (1938-1941), el que permitió que un número creciente de trabajadores pudieran acceder a la experiencia de las vacaciones. Aspecto para destacar es el papel que jugaron el Estado y los empresarios en la formulación de programas como las colonias colectivas de verano. Se concluye que este programa, desarrollado entre 1937 y 1941, fue un avance en las políticas sociales de inclusión para los trabajadores y sirvieron de modelo para futuros programas de turismo social en Chile.

The concept of sustainability, both in strong and weak forms, has been evaluated through methodologies like the Human Development Index and the Index of Sustainability Development. While the strong form emphasizes the irreplaceable nature of natural capital, the weak form has been often critiqued for its operational ambiguity, even amidst international conservation agreements. Meanwhile, the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals have been grouped into categories based on their influence being positive or negative. Multinational companies’ investments, both internal and external, play a vital role in balancing competitiveness and addressing externalities in various host communities. This research primarily focuses on understanding the intricate relationship between human development, concentration indices, sustainable development, investment, and gross domestic product (GDP). In this research, we use an econometric methodology based on maximum likelihood estimation to control for heteroskedasticity effects of the proposed models. The main results indicate that factors such as the level of industrial concentration, human development, and GDP have a significant impact on the sustainability indices of the countries of the research.